2.11 Summary
    1. 1 monoderm cells have asingle membrane
    2. 2 monoderm bacteria usually also have a thick cell wall
    3. 3 diderm bacteria have a thin cell walland an outer membrane
    4. 4 vesicles can bud fromeither the outer or inner membrane
    5. 5 monoderms and diderms may also have a surface layer of protein
    6. 6 archaea use their surface layers for structural support
    7. 7 some bacteria have more complicated envelopes
    8. 8 ...as do some archaea!

    Summary

    Concept Check Questions

    • What kind of macromolecule makes up the membrane? The cell wall? The surface layer?

    • What is the difference between a monoderm and a diderm?

    • What is the main function of the cell wall?

    • What is a nucleoid?

    Further Reading

    • Errington (2013). L-form bacteria, cell walls and the origins of life [26].

    • Ptacin and Shapiro (2013). Chromosome architecture is a key element of bacterial cellular organization [27].

    • Sleytr and Beveridge (1999). Bacterial S-layers [28].

    • Strahl and Errington (2017). Bacterial membranes: Structure, domains, and function [29].