1. 1 make (and separate) appendages to absorb more nutrients
  2. 2 ...or to reach an insoluble metal for anaerobic respiration
  3. 3 expand membrane to do more photosynthesis
  4. 4 ...or make a dedicated photosynthetic compartment
  5. 5 encapsulate reactions in microcompartments for e f ficiency
  6. 6 ...or to sequester toxic intermediates
  7. 7 switch enzymes on/o f f as needed through polymerization
  8. 8 stockpile materials against future shortages

Summary

Concept Check Questions

• How can cells perform anaerobic respiration without a soluble electron acceptor?

• How does a microcompartment make a metabolic reaction more efficient?

• What kind of macromolecule makes up a bacterial microcompartment shell?

• What is a secondary use for enzyme filaments?

Further Reading

• Barry and Gitai (2011). Self-assembling enzymes and the origins of the cytoskeleton [33].

• Hoppert and Mayer (1999). Principles of macromolecular organization and cell function in bacteria and archaea [41].

• Kerfeld et al. (2018). Bacterial microcompartments [42].

• Oostergetel et al. (2010). The chlorosome: A prototype for efficient light harvesting in photosynthesis [43].